Artrita reumatoida si microbiomul

Publicat: 23 august 2011

Microbiomul și artrita reumatoidă

Jose U. Scher &Steven B. Abramson 
Reumatologie volum 7 , pagini 569 - 578 ( 2011 )
227 Referințe

            Abstract

             Oamenii nu sunt (și nu au fost niciodată) singuri. Din momentul în care ne-am născut, milioane de microorganisme ne populează corpurile și coexistă cu noi destul de pașnic pentru tot restul vieții.

            Acest microbiom reprezintă totalitatea microorganismelor (și a genomului lor) pe care le dobândim în mod necesar din mediul înconjurător.

            Microorganismele care trăiesc în sau pe noi au evoluat pentru a extrage energia de care au nevoie pentru a supraviețui, iar în schimb susțin capacitățile fiziologice, metabolice și imune care au contribuit la succesul nostru evolutiv.

            Deși în prezent este catalogată ca o afecțiune autoimună și considerată o boală genetică complexă, cauza finală a artritei reumatoide (RA) rămâne evazivă.

            Se pare că interacțiunea dintre factorii genetici predispozanți și declanșatorii de mediu este necesară pentru manifestarea bolii. Noile idei din analizele ADN bazate pe secvența comunităților microbiene intestinale și un interes reînnoit pentru imunologia mucoaselor sugerează că microbiomul reprezintă un factor de mediu important care poate influența manifestarea bolii autoimune.

            Această revizuire rezumă indicii istorice care sugerează un posibil rol pentru microbiota în patogenia RA și se va concentra pe noile tehnologii care ar putea oferi dovezi științifice pentru a susține această ipoteză.

            Puncte cheie
            În artrita reumatoidă (RA) - o tulburare autoimună complexă, poligenică, autoimună cu impact major asupra indivizilor și societății - genele au un rol, dar factorii de mediu sunt necesari pentru manifestarea bolii

            Mai multe linii de investigații epidemiologice și clinice au implicat mai multe microorganisme în patogeneza RA; cu toate acestea, nu a putut fi stabilită cauzalitatea

            Microbiomul este definit ca totalitatea microorganismelor și genele acestora care locuiesc într-un mediu unic; microbiomul uman depășește genele umane după mai multe ordine de mărime

            Înțelegerea rolului microorganismelor în modularea sănătății și a bolilor a fost foarte avansată prin tehnologiile de secvențiere a ADN-ului independent de cultură și idei noi asupra imunologiei mucoasei

             Experimentele fără germeni și gnotobiotice au oferit o înțelegere mai profundă a interacțiunilor gazdă-microbiene și au arătat că bacteriile intestinale pot induce autoimunitate în modelele animale predispuse genetic

          Sunt în curs de desfășurare studii pentru a evalua rolul microbiomului în RA umană și în bolile aferente, în speranța că mecanismele bolii vor fi elucidate și identificate ținte terapeutice

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Acknowledgements
The writing of this manuscript has been supported in part by Grant No. RC2 AR05898 to S. B. Abramson from the US NIH through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009, and by KL2 Program in Translational Research to J. U. Scher, Grant No. 1 UL1 RR029893 from the National Center for Research Resources, NIH. The authors thank Ms. Ann Rupel for assistance in preparation of the manuscript.

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Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, New York University School of Medicine and NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, 301 East 17th Street, New York, 10003, NY, USA

Jose U. Scher
Department of Medicine and Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, 10022, NY, USA

Steven B. Abramson

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J. U. Scher and S. B. Abramson contributed equally to all aspects of the preparation of this manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jose U. Scher.

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Scher, J., Abramson, S. The microbiome and rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 7, 569–578 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrrheum.2011.121

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Published
23 August 2011
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October 2011
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https://doi.org/10.1038/nrrheum.2011.121